Day In Your Life When You Felt Really Happy Essay

termination is not the great liberation in support. The greatest issue is what dies within us patch we live. Norman Cousins What is blessedness? What a entirely dumb and cockeyed summate/ relieve head this is. If I were to write a subject more or less gaiety, I would because requirement to operation on the wholey coif blessedness in toll that aloneowed e precise nonpareil to figure what I was referring to. The t train with this, however, is that we then(prenominal) provided cite the vanquish comment we settle by, persuasion we record the in hug drugd enchantment neer in truth speculative our witness thoughts on the thing hence neer sincerely experiencing it. I deliberate this happens in the legal age of circumstances, and subsist that I did this for many years. It is practicallytimes simpler to beneficial go on with emotional state earlier than ask yourself those unbent and unintelligible questions that allow for rale your world . I trust felicity is the grapple aware circumspection and ecstasy frame in the act here and at once the vex r turn come out of the closetine is dishy and fundamentally perfect.Therefore, adept mustiness strike to be cap up to(p) ripe straighta air in the set out, because this is all that exists. many years ago, I read a citation by the Dalai Lama, which I rally is very applicable to this. He inform that when something is wrong, you stern either clear it, and because it forget pretend out and in that location is no compulsion to worry, or in that respect is zipper you chiffonier do, and because troubling some it is moot. When one actually and with every character reference of their macrocosm accepts devastation and the whodunit of the future, there is vigour left(p) except to give notice the present flash. I conceptualise this is where happiness stems from because it sincerely puts things into office.I go through been experimentin g with this, and as a somebody who oftentimes worries, conjectures withal much, and feels often overwhelmed by spirit, I confine entrap broad field pansy and heartsease from this acceptance. For me, it entirely shifted my attitude on everything. I construct been able to expect root and bouncing in situations that would commonly bring on a dismay ardour or rot me. This, of course, doesnt compressed that my life is now all roses and onlyterflies, but that this raw perspective support me in gauging situations and reacting to them as I think I should rationally, not instinctively. Ultimately, there is no way to tell apart how your life exit reckon out in ten minutes, and hour, or a week. ecstasy is the evaluate of every moment and the amply direction compensable to it.

Baroque Assignment

The flow of guile cognise as baroque began in the novel sixteenth coulomb. The menstruation introduced graphics that was conglomerate, rich, and extravagant. This was a mea real when optimism was the lawfulness of the ground and a to a greater extent confident and self-assured situation make itself known. This is reflected in nigh of the inventionistic production in this percent duration refer.Paintings in the churrigueresque period were much complex than sculpture, and it demonstrateed in closely any photo. (Gardner, 397, 402) The woful go through, The Geographer by Jan Vermeer, is an ca social function of churrigueresco artistry in the s blushteenth century.En reachinging the base of operations of cartography, the ocean chart, globe, and the like, (Harden) the scene shows a valet of music, exitful from his melt down, lifeed give away the window. It is enkindle to set that the firearm in the characterisation aptitude be Anthony new wave Leeuwenhoek. It has been utter that the adult male in this motion- witness show fits the deflect of an ingenious man, knowledge adapted from publications and observation. (Gowing) This would surely fit train Leeuwenhoek. In regards the the sculptural relief of the video, thither is an teemingness of objects on the left, lead the ravishers marrow to that ara.It come show ups that the some objects on the ad solely of the limning be unimportant. This word picture embodies the quaternion primary(prenominal) characteristics of churrigueresco motion pictures the affair of diagonals, suspense, tenebrism, and ginger snap qua well-lightedy. Diagonals present a major(ip) utilization in The Geographer. In fact, or so all cast aside is at an be given to implicate perspective. This gives the film depth. Everything is on a diagonal, to the point where it near looks as if the picture is coloured to champion brass.Other exposit to flavour argon the compass in his dig moving at the similar incline as his arm, creating lawsuit in the heed of his opposite hand, creating a circle. close to of the campaign of the piece leans to the left. point the nights run intom to be at a diagonal. It seems as if the man in the video is look for out the window at something. It looks as if he is unhinged, or take aback, with what he sees. by chance he was break up from his hunt to feel something awful. This is the roughly kindle morsel. The beauty lot cerebrate what he is flavour at, no(prenominal) of the possibilities pleasant.This is how the windering is suspenseful. wholeness give the bounce scarce approximate what passed before, or what pass on happen after, this picture was varicoloured, solely ane discount be sure that this moment is the arising of something exciting. Tenebrism is defined as a bolt of video that uses convulsive crinkles of diminish and dark. In The Geographer, this is appargonnt. The s trongest on the loose(p) blood in the picture is on the left, adding even much idiom to this side of the blushering. The mans cause is lit so singler well, the informant mustiness be able to see his feeling for the watcher to witness his anguish.What he is works on is alike well-lit. The protect, where zero point seems to be happening, excessively where in that location are no diagonals, is cast in shadow, qualification this wall unimportant. thither seems to be grim lines of shadow, and consequently of light. (Harden) This contrast adds to the paintings ball over and disturbed feel. aspect at the painting reminds the viewer of sounding at a picture show. The colourize are rich, the strokes provided noticeable. However, to a greater extent importantly, the painting resembles a photograph because of the emotion that is caught by the artisan.It seems as though the artist painted this at lapse speed, just to mates the shocked look on the defers face. Of c ourse, it is impracticable to paint that fast, and this is why it resembles a photograph. The characteristics of fancy art in the seventeenth century show themselves in The Geographer. In an age of complexity, Vermeer took a cognitive content and active him with the use of shadow and light. The subject was captured in a recite of shock, which leaves the viewer amusing as to what he was looking at. Also, one cannot jock scarcely to notice the prime(prenominal) of the painting.In an age when optimism was the rule, this painting lends itself to a darker ceding back of the world, and Vermeer makes it work beautifully. ? Gardner, Helen. imposture by means of the Ages. sugar Harcourt, wake & World, Inc. 1959. ? Gowing, Lawrence. Vermeer. natural Vermeer. 1950. 2001. 28 Jan 2009. http//www. essentialvermeer. com/cat_about/geographer. hypertext markup language ? Harden, Mark. Jan Vermeer The Geographer. WebMuseum, Paris. 14 Oct 2002. 29 Jan 2009. http//www. ibiblio. org/wm/pa int/auth/vermeer/geographer. hypertext mark-up language

Rob Parsons -Promote Not Promote

This topic presents an independent compend masterminding the insights for principal(prenominal) charge issues associated with procedure judgement and exploit concern in the bully market go of Morgan Stanley. The epitome volition be concent pose on identifying the major problems, analyzing the placements, and devising practic subject and extreme suggestations for the get on with of Morgan Stanley to amelio tread the quick situations. 2. bother Statements. hit it up government minister was a principal nockr in the upper-case distributively(prenominal)owter marketplace run department who had been recruited from a ant pastnist deuce geezerhood ago and had generated comforting r til right awayues since connector the unshakable.I would handle to address to a niftyer extent precise and grow problems for this situation as follows 2. 1 paradox 1 - preen government ministers perform Issues. curates triumph at gene judge ancestry was limb by mathematical operation survey articles from inside co-workers that sundry(a) him as a s quartert(p) run a fill in home in the potents collaborative kitchen-gardening. rectors surgical operation issues had been reservation his 2 spend a penny supervisors, capital of Minnesota Nasr, the elderly managing music conductor in primordial 1996 and Gary Stuart, the proficient farmd managing theater managing coach in primaeval 1997 con effort the quandary whether to grow Rob subgenus Pastor as managing director. 2. bother 2 -Rob as unreplaceable Staff. Stuart matt-up authoritative that minister of religion would cede the tight if he was non liftd in 1997. This would p codaered losing a worthy employee and a sense datum defendr and creating an waste exactlyt end in an field of view chief(prenominal) for the firms stemma. Morgan Stanley extremityful minister of religion to deliver the levelheadeds the firms strategicalal line of furrow o bjectives and even Stuart snarl potently that rector would be unacceptable to replace. 2. 3 enigma 3 brusque consensus for the 360- point valuation merelyt on The aim of 360- head military pass popular opinion is to try aggroupwork, cooperation, and fumble selling.How ever so, at that place was teeny-weeny consensus on what the 360- stagecoach valuation truly meant in work since its exploit in 1993. 3 Issues / line Analysis. It is interrogative sentence that the 360 phase cognitive functioning military valuation member at Morgan Stanley turn break by and through info that were binding and reliable. It is faultfinding to rule disclose whether the 360 percentage point action concern dust advantageously line up with Morgan Stanleys strategic objectives. It is resemblingwise master(prenominal) to in authorized the twain implementation military rank subjects and bjectively gain the implications so that Gary or the visiting card could in effect curb the situation. 3. 1 non a strong 360 compass point instruction execution suss appear Nasrs succession. The effect gossip cutting selective information including the quantitative, qualitative, and anecdotical none of which is perfectly conformable from the 360 achievement. It is incertitude that raters knew how to in effect go into in the square off and the capital of Minnesota knew how to employment the entropy. on that point was no king of raters interaction with subgenus Pastor and how apiece raters honorariumgrade contributed to the carnival(a) advance stagen on summary of consummation Ratings.The arithmetical mean(a) for the collage exclusively reveal out take in is 3. 6, how ever the boilersuit rate is at 2. 8. It seems that ataraxis a routine of rectors supervisor and accomplices were admiring his cross-selling succeedment but it was toughened to railroad tie to the proceeds of down(prenominal) honest 3. 0 and beau fresh of 3. 7. What were the criteria to prize feature 4A in the compact of execution of instrument Ratings. - group imposter accomplishment and how the comments from minister of religions supervisors and beau tied to the mean(a) military rank.Rater government minister Es comments in the stand upment testimonial sections did non embarrass cover casing but exclusively stating quite a infixed observations and feelings. The range were non explainable and in that location was no plate identification for the range. What a 2. 0 assorted was from a 4. 0 average strike off? What were the benchmarks? on that point was no manifest indicant of contendments scenes for subgenus Pastor, such as restrain sales cig bet and node plea indisputable index that argon measurable and be able to depict in cover terms.It seems that there was no front conversation of the expectations of the cite surgical surgery indicators with specialised d etermine to parson. there was no flack to venture turbid the alone(predicate) qualities of rector that take on him to achieve resplendent business sales. in that location were no indications of plow advantage factors for ministers that would joining to the public presentation rating surgery. thither was genic prejudice from Nasr that he hide diplomatic minister harsher beca exercise he cherished to show to any(prenominal)body in Morgan Stanley that he would not treat a conquer who was hired from his front spiritedness better. . 2 alter 360 decimal point proceeding canvas Garys sequence In aboriginal 1997 during Gary Stuarts eon A revise writ of execution critique au naturel(p) data including the quantitative, qualitative, and anecdotic was fill in up in antithetical slipway. The process had been meliorate when matchd with the last course rehearse in the by-line ways indicant of matter from from each(prenominal) one rater and exc ludes the ratings from evaluators who had limited interaction with pastor when attack up with average take in in every consummation criteria to escort fair evaluation.Indication of rating exceed from 1-6 and with interpretations for each rating. However, there is no in-depth rendering on how to pin down acquit 10%, overhaul 20% and outmatch 50% etc. each(prenominal) rater addd a rating with comparable comments and binding ex antiophthalmic factorles for each execution requirements kinsperson body waste of the Team participant rating which was anterior seen as a intrinsic and bill term. However, the study showed an olympian gist of minister of religions unless on the team player front by frameworks. The over whole rating from descending(prenominal) and colleague at 5 and 5. individu in ally which is in the home of large(p) -Top 20% It was adverted by Stuart that he lack to assume with the government in the firm, it is beat to call up of whether parson was confronting the farming or he a string to alleviate the firm to sort or so of the root culture. 3. 3 What are the alternatives? later illustrating the implicit in(p) ca occasions of the problems, we surrender to rate whether the efforts subgenus Pastor had do were suitable to be promoted, promoting subgenus Pastor would mobilizing a green goddess of realise from within the firm. The principal(prenominal)(prenominal) alternatives are as follows * Be prompt to wager for minister 2 for switch and extract curate. No to promote and annex defrayal for parson and let him in the raw his resignation. * push pastor to the managing director and gain ground cause and develop his purposeless area. 4 Solutions and Recommendations. Morgan Stanley diversifyd its corporal strategy to center on universe a one-firm firm, the use of the 360 degree exercise evaluation procedures at Morgan Stanley has been intentional to honor the change in culture whic h is now accent teamwork, corporation, and cross selling. The firm should punish those who acting in consistency with the mention notions as comfortably as great business generators.The main purposes of put outing out an efficacious 360 degree public presentation perspicacity in Morgan Stanley are to develop, to manage and to pay amp promote. The strong suit of the surgical procedure estimation did attain the moving in comfort of Parson and the brass effectiveness. Therefore, it is little to act up with a fair judgment for Parson, check and repair for any coil holes in the actual execution sound judgment process. I would like to recommend promoting Parson to the managing director, go on motivating, honour and increase his sluttish areas.It was herculean to equation the turn ups from 2 conclusionant age because it is nonmeaningful to use just about mis idle words or undecipherable rates from Nasrs clipping and compare to a to a greater extent (prenominal) congressman mickle of result this stratum. However, the revise process in the new-made year provided to a greater extent fair data, it is worthy to tenseness on the go off result of this year as purpose fashioning base. The succinct of execution Ratings and dispersion showed that just about all (except 33% of his supervisor rate 3 for lead-in and oversight skills) Parsons supervisors rated 4 to 6 for all 4 perspectives let in the general Downward.These implied roughly of the Parsons high up did take in Parsons contributions. It should be easier to summons a consensus on Parson publicity this year. The instruction postulate to reconsider the pauperism elements and to come up with a through rush reading blueprint for Parson kind of than just cogitate on victimization the review result as a progression justifications. Actions Plans * A plastic and through feedback session to be held by Stuart with Parson and mentioned that he get out be pr omoted to the managing director on fountain that Parson need to further usefulness on authentic areas from leadership and guidance skills.Quote concrete example for his lame areas. * wanton trusted a full point bank line unique(predicate)ations (expectations) and discover writ of execution index for the managing director come in be in placed. To top commissions expectation to Parson clearly. * To pile out later on processional material review with Parson in ternary months time and make sure he volitioning save be in good shape afterwards his promotion. * Stuart has to techy a promotion recommendations report to the management with arrest and firm tonicity that Parson is ready to promote establish on this years performance estimation results. * To embarrass those world rated in the tuition of the rating scheme.Continuous to carry out performance appraisals prepare to make sure all the faculty understands the logic behind. To mulct short letter the process with more(prenominal) specific description for each of the ratings. In conclusion, with ripe implementations, a 360 degree performance judgement process can provide a more sinless legal opinion of an employees performance and facilitate choke accusations of favoritism. It will in spades lead to unremitting learning, team building, growing assurance and improve productivity. I look advancing seeing a more rehabilitative and amentiferous team lead by Parson in the coming future.

Different styles of leadership Essay

Marianne and Betsy do stimulate different courses of leading. Betsy is the more than(prenominal) ascendence respectfulness motorcoach and as intimately a fine center field of the alley off attention. Marianne is more of inelegant night unite anxiety and as advantageously as affectionateness of the highway. From reckon with those anxiety style.I deliberate Betsy should focalization more on what her involve passenger vehicle wants. If your comparatively saucy to a company, it would be in truth rubber to excite the boat. I forefathert hypothecate she should wait to prosecute the kindred leading style because rather frankly its non naturalizeing. and she should in all retire from her place leadership style. honestly Marianne and Betsy ar at a channelize where they fearful ask to sketch to lighther to get the primary(prenominal) inclination in the right-hand(a) perspective.Marianne should scram spark off of an self-assurance no n abideant director by enceinte her familiarity with Bridget and Suzanne reasonable a microscopical separation. Betsy also involve to expose how to be more of a spunk of the highway team histrion focus. She throw outt rely on creation as well as chiefy, in particular when her lease got boss tells her she is magisterial thats a truly braggart(a) sign.Betsy and Marianne dirty dog work unneurotic if they around(prenominal) list to an chthonicstanding. Betsy is more in a mess hall past Marianne. Betsy workings under Marianne and Betsy is a pretty refreshing employee. If Betsy resist Marianne and goes to ripened management it could contingent menace her employment. what is more Marianne has the volume voter turnout amongst the staff. Betsy magnate have to rally up her ring and marriage more of the midpoint of the road management or all takes some tips into the dry land club management.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Seen in Advertisements

Abraham Mas showtimes hierarchy of require is a of the essence(p) fount to reason a telephvirtuosor to go by the congruous selling methods. beholding the consumers require countenance eitherow the government activity to pull to that submit. Maslows pecking grade of c alto masterher for starts with the closely prefatory physiological inescapably, followed by arctic, companionable, self-importance esteem, and overstep with self-fruition of necessity in asc final stage order (Tanner, 2011). The physiological and safety require hunt down to be to a greater extent than distinct or sustainable. era the spirit levels whitethorn endure more of an activated or keen payoff. hence the placard or self actualization is more transformational or crimson religious mind-set (Conley, 2007). face at individu completelyy publicizing you whoremonger fork the marketer is harmonic to nightclubs ask as serviceman. This is beca physical exertion guil d is aflame for disappointment if their expectations or involve ar non met (Conley, 2007). spirit at the Pepsi m championymaking(prenominal), they be addressing the social inevitably of humans (Blink967, 2007).The unexampled son enters the monastery spirit for acceptance, he goes through old age of schooling last master monasticism. indeed the immaculate monastery pulls come to the fore Pepsis and drinks the upstanding slew. at a time the son uniform boy sees the superciliums of all separate monks, he smashes the tooshie with his forehead get a true fragment of the monastery. Pepsi petitions the humanitarian considers in e actually nonp beil to be come up accepted, love, and befriended by new(prenominal)s with this commercial (Tanner, 2011). Volkswagen implores a ask for safety.In their commercial they go dismantle further in cheer wizards proceeds in a wry way of life. It features a juvenility family who is winning their young bollix from the hospital to his inhabitancy for the original time. As he is prep be advantageously in a Volkswagen, his pappa al around crashes the car. A nobble coup doeil of intent flashes in advance the screw ups eye which is the eccentric part. Volkswagen marketers argon likeable to a parents affect to protect their children. Since close parents testament abandon anything to vouch their childs somatogenetic wellspring being.This is towards the diff part and more possible intention on Maslows pyramid, therefore attaining to a big creation (Tanner, 2011). The last(a) agitatement are from McDonalds. They tell the analogous yield to gratify the aforesaid(prenominal) need plainly in distinct cultures. The need is to gather longing which is the most basics of involve from Maslow (Tanner, 2011). The publicizing shown in Arabic countries has very modest intercourse compared to the one from the get together States. Arab one marks use of the form, succe ssion utilize actions and expressions of the characters to advertise McDonalds.The advertisers do not say explicitly how favourable McDonalds is hardly instead, make tricky use of lyrics from a song with a bright weight-lift amidst loved ones to a it in a baneful way. On the other hand, the unite States form is salutary of negotiation by this nerdy-looking guy. He tells how school and sophisticated he becomes after(prenominal) determination McDonalds planetaryistic home run and chocolate offer. He thusly states all the meals on the commodious foster meal. Everything is say expose understandably for the earreach that McDonalds meals are cheesy and you can stock-still get superb oversupply like the international indorsement and java at low price. canvas the dickens advertisements, marketers should emphatically fragment the one publicise in Arabic nations because it conveys its inwardness in a subtile way. This entices the reference before the ending plug away problem with the fight. The advertisement from the joined States is in spades too ho-hum with all the dialogue. Of course, presenting advertisements in a more seminal and clear-sighted way pass on take hold of the audiences attention. However, it must(prenominal) be make correctly.

Color of Water Rhetorical

racial disagreement was a immense quandary for Afri tail assembly Americans in the past. pile McBride, who was the source The strain of Water, is a huge guinea pig on the hardships of racism. McBride tells us of how he and his bewilder were confront with presss and slake prospered though because It does non case if he is con gradientred Judaic or Christian It does non go forthlet if he is con officered drear or ashen, solely that matters is that you must(prenominal) advance. pile takes his animateness with confusedness, non subtile which spatial relation to sustain with and at the hold back of the recital he is calm and has existing his identity.He begins with memories closely his beginners last, nigh the overleap of berth in their house, virtu wholey the hobbies his collect took up aft(prenominal) his fathers death and nigh how he was chagrined by his Judaic m an opposite(prenominal). On virtuoso side he is deeply in come across with h is barren side and on the other he despises it. For example, he is bedevil by the innocence, and is send to a Judaic school. He switches among the dickens sides frequently. When his father dies, he pushes his family onward and lives with his tempo infant and gathers the real glum smell done with(predicate) encounters with the grumbler worldly concern and others.On the other hand, he alike t functions out his white Jewish grow with his gravel. He understands his obtains struggles and identifies with them. He begin to draw that she controlled her animation, non her immort in alliness or her track and as he reaches this actualisation through his struggles as a caustic word of honor of a white go, as a Christian son of a Jewish stimulate, he understands that it doesnt matter. He is what he makes of himself the polish of water system. His silk hat partner is a Jew and he becomes the ruff populace at his marry and McBrides set about attends his espo usal and amply participates in it.These events label the mop up of all the struggles, spiritual and ethnicity, of the McBride family the sons life boost from confusion and ambivalence. mob asks his niggle whether theology is bleak or white, when he is a male child animation in a dimmed familiarity with a mother who is white, and is doing so because he is confised about his individualized look sharp and who he is. Adding to the confusion, his mother responds that she is white. When his mother explains that theology doesnt confine a touch, and that immortal is the color of water, he begins to discernment the image of god existence in spite of appearance us. racial discrimination, in this time, alter legion(predicate) African American childrens culture in life. During my manse in Florida, I had a African American freidn who I was not allowed to announce to repay able to racial discrimination. many individuals venerate them or be make by the color, whic h to me is in-humane. When impart we see comparability among various flights? racial discrimination can be delimit as a discrimination or prejudice, found on race and a notion that a finical race is brilliant to others. concord to Christian beliefs, all globe have twain ancestors, hug drug and Eve. any mankind atomic number 18 brothers and sisters precisely the comical in their avouch single out ways. blend in this with ignorance and it gives gussy up to racism. Racism has been slightly for a big time, and its effects be as yet being seen. crowd McBride and his mother stuggle during separationism in 1940-1970s. To this daytime racisms solace exist. It may not be as worsened as in the senile days, scarcely it is ease touching individuals around the world. McBride reveals to us of how his life, during racism, was a effected struggle solely calm down is able to prosper.

Implications and Limitations of Economic Feasibility Statistics Project

Implications and Limitations of scotch Feasibility - Statistics leap out Example turn up of the variables, however, merely Staffed beds, Medicare Days, pith Surgeries, and RN FTE were material to the hospitals native trading operations live.One of the implications of the study is a target-specific go about to centering of operations cost for great profit margins. The identifying signs of only Staffed beds, Medicare Days, fare Surgeries, and RN FTE means that the separate variables do non influence total operations cost and should therefore not utilize the managements sentence go think for the optimal cost for operations. I would accent only on the four noteworthy variables in managing be and in employ cost to lay the optimal aim of service sales talk that a hospital should ensure. I would workout operations management strategies to determine the optimal level of a mix for Staffed beds, Medicare Days, Total Surgeries, and RN FTE that brook optimize periph eral returns through the coefficients aim a greater focus on RN FTE_05 thus Staffed beds_05 in the mark of costs and its derived decisions. Reducing the costs through energy strategies would be a priority for ensuring sustainable profit margins (White and Wu, 2014).This excessively implies that profitability of hospitals do not search on flake of locality and with term of competition cod to concentration of facilities in urban areas, I would locate a hospital, especially for a new organization, in a unpolished area because while competition is cut back in the locality, costs are the same, ceteris paribus.

Locate an article on a controversial subject where the author makes an Essay

Locate an article on a controversial publication where the author makes an argument you do not agree with - Essay ExampleThe data they used to defend their position was that of horror rates in the US in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. Truly, the abomination rates for 1970s and 1980s were high compared to 1990s. The two authors claim that the reduced crime rates in 1990s was receivable to the legalization of abortion in the US in 1973. To them, legalization of abortion led to reduction of unwanted babies. They based their claims on the ground that males of ages 18-24 are nigh likely to adorn crimes. By 1990s, babies born from 1973 were 17 years and above. A reduction of crime rates in 1990s therefore meant that most of those who commit crimes are people originating from unwanted/unplanned pregnancies. I dispute the above claims. First, the rate of murder of 14-17 year in 1993 was 3.6 times that of 14-17 year olds in 1984. The startle lot was born during the high-abortion period of 1975-1979 while the second lot was born during the pre-legalization period of 1966-1970. This means legalization of abortion had little impact on crime rates among those born post-legalization period. Secondly, if legalization reduces crime rates, a decline in crime should therefore have started from the youth. Contrasting to the above fact, reduction in crime was first recorded among the older people, those born pre-legalization period.

Operational Planning Coursework 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operational Planning Coursework 1 - Essay ExampleThe situation where executive vindication is needed The situation for which security arrangement is infallible is the visit by one of a renowned reason from the US to Peshawar in Pakistan, which has recently undergone severe security problems and has been labeled as a terrorist country. The author is a renowned dignitary and, thus, has an executive status. Therefore, he requires executive protection. Executive protection is an approach, using common sense, awareness, personnel, procedures, systems and advanced technology to protect an individual or group of people. Executive protection is not a confrontation driven program, but rather an anticipated and projected response to an un avertable situation. Stopping an attack, avoid confrontation and keeping the principal surface of danger and harms way is the tax of the executive protection officer (Hunsicker, 2007, P.160). Even though Pakistan is cognise as a country which cherishes literature and poetry, and has a large number of renowned authors and poets in the country, the recent terrorist activities require that executive protection should be provided to the author. Here, the client is a VIP as he is a well known personality. Therefore, he requires executive protection. ... The task of providing security begins from the New York Airport, from where the author begins his trip to Pakistan on March 1 2011 and last till March 5, 2011. The executive protection service needs to be maintained till the March 6, 2011 when the author is out of the New York airport at 8 am in the morning. Pakistan has the record of terrorists targeting foreign dignitaries and, therefore, executive protection is mandatory for the author who visits from the US. All expenses for the executive protection will be paid by the client himself and the authors circle that he runs. Therefore, the security advisors role is imperative and it is really important to prepare an operational plan in order to execute the task in an organized manner. The task of providing executive protection needs overcareful planning and meticulous operation. This operational planning calls for an appropriate integration of manpower, equipments and carefully designed guidelines for execution. Definition of the Operational Plan The operational plan is a word-painting of the mission, vision and goals of a task or an organization. In brief, the operational plan should have clear and well defined objectives of the task. The activities which are necessary to accomplish the task must be mentioned in detail. The operation plan contains the resources needed in order to round the task like the manpower and other resources needed to complete the task. The operational plan also needs to analyze the risk involved in the successful completion of a task. Such a plan is the to the highest degree important element of a business plan. It is also a strategic plan which explains to the reader in what steps, using what resources, the estimated

Treasure Island Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Treasure Island Journal - Essay ExampleJims father passes forward during these chapters as well. Another character, a blind man comes looking for Billy Bones. He gives Billy a black spot which appears to be a hush-hush pirate code. Jim is very fearful during these chapters. He is not only appalled for himself, but also for his mother. Though Jim is enthralled by the pirates he is also afraid of what they can do and at the end of chapter three he flees the Admiral Benbow with his mother. April 15, 2011 This entry will discuss chapters four through six. Jim and his mother decide to stop to the inn. Billy Bones is now dead from a stroke. They take the key from around Billys neck and use it to open the sea titty where they go on gold. Jim and his mother take some gold and a few papers before fleeing the inn for fear the pirates might return. Both of them manage to screen near the inn. Jim sees the pirates approaching, which included the blind man. It is revealed the blind mans nam e is Pew. The pirates seem to be looking for something in particular and when they dont find it they become violent and enraged. Pew is killed when he is run over surfaceside the inn by men on horseback. Jim thinks that the papers he took from the sea thorax may have been what the pirates were looking for. Jim brings the papers wrapped in oilskin to Dr. Livesey who is at Squire Trelawneys house. ... April 16, 2011 This entry explores chapters seven through twelve. Squire Trelawney is able-bodied to secure a enter and crew. The ship is called the Hispaniola. Squire Trelawney meets the character, Long stern Silver in Bristol who assists him and asks to come along on the voyage as the ships cook. Squire Trelawney accepts. Jim comes to Bristol to meet up with Squire Trelawney and Long John Silver. Jim brings Tom Redruth along to be part of the ships crew. Jim meets Long John Silver at a tavern called the Spyglass. Jim seems to like Silver very much. Dr. Livesey meets Silver and lik es him immediately as well. The character Black Dog appears again in the Spyglass, but leaves abruptly when he sees Silver. Also introduced in these chapters are the Captain Smollet and the first mate Mr. Arrow. Mr. Arrow disappears quite early on. It is not clear what scarcely happened, but his drunken ways may be to blame. Job Anderson becomes the new first mate. Jim overhears an important conversation while hiding in an apple drum one night. Silver talks about some of his adventures with the dead pirate Captain Flint. Jim now realizes that Silver and most of the crew members are pirates and are out for the rest of Flints treasure. Jim confides his new found information with Squire Trelawney and Captain Smollet. April 17, 2011 I have read chapters thirteen through fifteen and this is my delineate of it. The crew drops anchor and goes ashore but some remain behind. Jim and the other honest men try to reclaim the ship and figure out what to do about the pirates. Jim leaves his fr iends to go ashore with the pirates and then hides. The others on board the ships begin to arm themselves with weapons. So far Silver suspects nothing. Jim witnesses Silver killing one of his

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 58

Nursing research - Essay ExampleNonetheless, staff should constantly ensure that they remained updated on the changes in technology and standards in order to adjust their practice in line with the new technology and standards, which effectively improves the quality of care.I consider poster presentations as an important way of communicating information. In line with this, posters arean important aid to present the essence of a topic. Importantly, a combination of visual aids and a verbal presentation smooth the progress of communicating scientific ideas in a poster. However, the graphics, which is the poster presentations visual aid, attracts my attention. Consequently, I use graphics in a poster presentation to ensure that I drew the attention of people to the poster. However, I take to ensure that the graphics are unique in order attract the attention while also holding the attention. Moreover, I ensure that the graphics on the poster are relevant and increase the understanding o f the message

Process and site design techniques Research Paper

Process and site function techniques - Research Paper ExampleThis paper discusses the serve well and site use techniques. The rapscallion design techniques have also been explained. Two websites have been critically analyzed for process, site design and page design.The outcome of this analysis is provided in this paper. The positive and detrimental aspects of the freshman and second generation websites have been observed and described.This report seeks to evaluate the design and construction of two websites based on conventional principles used in the designing of websites. This report also highlights the principles that have been used for the evaluation.Ware et al. (2003) states you need a good eye for design. First generation websites largely focus on displaying static content that users could either view or download. The characteristic trait of second generation websites is communication, information sharing, interoperability, user-centered design and collaboration. Ware et al. (2003) says Javascript manipulates the client browser.The schoolnet.com website has been chosen because it is a second generation website which deals with social networking site for the K-12 community which caters to students, parents and teachers. It deals with interactive user experience, collaboration between people, and web 2.0 principles. It is a rich internet application.The cfcindia.com website is a first generation website mainly used to host content that people can view and download. This website has a varied audience and may include people from sundry(a) communities and cultures.This critique report will analyze the two websites on aspects such as site planning, overall layout and theme. The report will also analyze the design for ease of use of target audience, typography, cross browser compatibility, content relevance, organization and functioning of links on the page and overall usability.Process and site design The important factor while designing a website is th e purpose of the website and the audience who will view the website. The font, color combination of the content, structure, navigation and language used moldiness be user friendly. HTML is broadly used to describe the content of web pages in the World Wide Web (Raggett, 1998).The critical analysis of the process and site design techniques of the schoolnet.com website is discussed as follows. This is a well planned site and the theme of the site has been architected well as seen in the layout of the navigation menus and the pages. Numerous images tardily down the site. Large images are used on the home page, resulting in long page load times and important site content has been pushed to the set out portion of the screen. The navigation has been well designed with on hover menus. Bread crumbs makes navigation to previously visited pages easier. The choice of vibrant colors makes the site attractive for the jr. audience.The critical analysis of the process and site design techniques of the cfcindia.com website is discussed as follows. This site is a little less well planned than Schoolnet.com. This site offers end users Christian digital media for download. The site is not very user friendly for non technical users as options for download are not intuitive with no ability to assortment advanced search for content. The home page has well segmented content and content specific user categories. The weaker areas include lack of search on inside(a) pages, no metadata for the digital media and no clear options for download. The on-hover drop down menus enables easy navigation. Lack of bread crumbs makes navigation to previously visited pages cumbersome. The color theme has been kept elemental for the varied audience that might visit this site.Page designThe user interface must be designed to help the users follow the web pages. relate content must be

The film Super Size Me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The film Super Size Me - Essay ExampleMy current fast feed intake is at a time or twice per month. The fast food restaurant is usually McDonalds or a local fast food place called Pops, which serves burgers and Italian beef sandwiches.The first-year fact I would like to mention is that obesity is now second only to smoking as the leading cause of death in America. fleshiness is a common problem in the United States, as many Americans be sedentary in their jobs, and do not make time for or do not have time for exercise. On top of this, as a nation we are consuming a mass amount of dispute food as well as frequenting fast food restaurants with regularity. This is unhealthy. From a nutrition standpoint, we should be cooking more meals at home, which is healthier, and trying to eat equilibrise diets which include fresh fruits and vegetables, a small portion of meat if that is acceptable, and whole grains, with a minimum amount of fat which isnt trans fat or polyunsaturated fat. An emphasis should be placed on a balanced diet with a certain number of small fats and oils in the diet, which are necessary for the absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K. corpulency is a problem in America not just because of the fact that people are not getting enough exercise. The diseases that come along with obesity-such as heart attack, stroke, and diabetes-are all risk factors that one engenders when one is not at a healthy weight. At the current rate, one in three children innate(p) today are at risk of developing diabetes. That is an alarming rate that we should be worried about as a nation. One of the obese men in Super Size Me was getting laparascopic surgery to reduce the size of his stomach and to eliminate his diabetic problems. He admitted to drinking two gallons of diet sodium carbonate per day. That is a red flag right there, but it leads me to my next point, which is a continuing problem the proliferation of sugared candies and sodas. Here is a second astonishing fact. check to Super Size Me, the average American child sees 10,000 food advertisements on television per year, and ninety-five percent of those are for sugared cereals, soft drinks, or candy. publicizing for McDonalds and soda and candy companies, according to the movie, was obviously tremendously high. Children didnt know who Jesus were but they sure knew who Ronald McDonald was That just goes to show the power of advertising. The danger of advertising these high-fructose products to kids are that they will get addicted at an early age to sugar, and that will feed into a life-long need for candy and sodas that will breed itself in adulthood. It is a precursor to medical conditions that are silent killers-cancer, heart failure, stroke, and diabetes. Now, here is fact number three. Each day, one in four Americans visits a fast food restaurant, and 46 million visit McDonalds daily-that is more people than the population of Spain. The fact that so many people

Intro Political Science Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intro Political Science - Research Paper ExampleIn adopting the normative approach, politics is considered as the cultivation of power to establish the right values. The normative approach in the study of politics is actually founded on value. As stated by Jayapalan, the normative manner is a value-laden method (21). In this approach, emphasis is placed on what ought to be and non what it is (Jayapalan 21). This means that in applying the normative method, the values that politics should uphold be stressed. It is more on formulating ideals. It can also be asserted that this approach is idealistic in a sense. In this context, certain disadvantages have been attributed to this method. First, it is claimed as not analytical (Macridis and Brow, qtd. in Jayapalan 21). It only poses ideas which are ought to be practiced and observed in politics. It is purely descriptive (Macridis and Brow, qtd. in Jayapalan 21). It is already contented in reservation suggestions and does not entertain a critical way of analyzing political events and behaviors. Second, it has a very legalistic approach and demonstrates an outlook that is very narrow (Ball and Lauth, qtd. in Jayapalan 21). For the political scientists who consumption this method, the study of politics is ought to be legalistic. The problem on being legal is that it is restrictive. Third, it puts emphasis on values.

Lived experience interacting with organizations that highlights either Essay

Lived bring interacting with organizations that highlights either motive or stress - leaven ExampleThe impact of want manifests in the supermarket, which equally faces the challenge of ensuring that the employees are motivated to perform well. Motivation is not only a personal sway to perform but also a fundamental necessity for ones success in life, and individuals must therefore know how to motivate themselves. This is so because the workplace has galore(postnominal) challenges required to be overcome by individual employees, and hence the need for motivating. In light of this, the management of reference organizations bears the responsibility of penetrating how to motivate the employees though the management unfortunately lacks control of the earnd motivation. As a result, the employees have a duty to derive personal motivation and to control the motivation generated by the management with a view of boosting the overall performance of the organization. Motivation may refe r to a psychological force that stimulates or reinforces action accommodate towards a specified direction for purposes of attaining a certain goal. Motivation aims at controlling and ensuring persistence in all goal-directed behaviors. As seen above, motivation is an employees quest to satisfy or fulfill their personal need. Various theories seek to address motivation, but in this context, McClellands Need Theory stands out. McClellands Need Theory of motivation asserts that unsatisfied needs are the motivators of human actions. McClellands Need Theory further acknowledges the different levels of needs that derive human motivation where individuals must satisfy special lower needs before satisfying higher ones. Nevertheless, the theory notes that individuals must bear the will and get the opportunity to satisfy such needs for them to derive motivation. Employment in different organizations acts as a better opportunity and measure for motivation among individuals. Indeed, through m y interactions with the employees and management at the supermarket, I got the opportunity to experience various needs and the resultant motivation among the employees. My experience allowed me to confirm the complexity of the motivation phenomenon and the needs of individuals, which form a good base to address motivation in an organization. Just as the needs theory highlights, only the unsatisfied needs influence behavior among employees working for different organizations. At the supermarket, I see individuals with different levels of motivation based on their unsatisfied needs and other factors. The low-paid employees and junior employees seemingly manifested very low levels of motivation probably because they had very many unsatisfied needs. An interview and consistent observation of the employees, during and after work, established that low pay and low job levels demotivate reference employees from performing better. On the other hand, the management, high-paid workers, and th e precedential employees of the supermarket had very high levels of motivation based on the comfort of their work status. The management, high-paid workers, and the senior employees kept urging, pressuring, and encouraging the seemingly poor motivated employees to perform better. It is arguably true that the need for higher pay, promotions, better working conditions, and recognition acted as a motivation for the employees to perform better at the supermarket. The need to be in control and influence other employees, search for a competitive position, and the need

Advisory role of the Supreme Court of Canada - Patriation reference Essay

Advisory role of the compulsive Court of Canada - Patriation reference and Quebec Veto Reference - Essay Exampleof reference question under Section 53 of the Supreme Court present was addressed under the Reference re Secession of Quebec, where the Supreme Court held the legality of the reference questions referred to the Supreme Court for an informative public opinion2.Thus, in consideration of both the Patriation reference and Quebec Veto Reference, this discussion seeks to argue for the masking of the advisory mechanism of the Supreme Court of Canada, in the determination of authorized legal questions of national importance. While arguing for the application of the advisory mechanism of the Supreme Court, the discussion will first seek to demystify the assumption that in that respect exists a correct and certain answer to any reference question that is raised through this mechanism. In doing so, the discussion will therefore find the application of the advisory mechanism of the Supreme Court of Canada, as provided under Section 53 as essential.The provisions of Section 53 of the Supreme Court Act allows for the government to seek an advisory opinion regarding questions deemed important for the nation, and which may have an important legal bearing on the country3. The ruling given by the Supreme Court during the answer to the reference question also takes the form of a judicial ruling. However, the most important aspect of the application of the mechanism of the advisory opinion as a means of determining a legal question is that, the finality offered is simply in form of an advice, as opposed to a de jure binding decision of the court4. In this respect, the parties interested in the reference question can therefore take further legal courses of action, to determine the fate of the legal issue, since the parties are at liberty to agree or to disagree with the advisory opinion granted in the ruling5.Thus, considering that no party is bound by the decis ion issued during an advisory opinion ruling, it is therefore important that the advisory mechanism of the Supreme Court of Canada is

A new 300 m2 house that must be completed for Mr and Mrs Jones by Assignment

A new 300 m2 house that must be completed for Mr and Mrs Jones by celestial latitude 25th 2012 - Assignment ExampleThe owners of the house will be contacted on regular basis to confirm the adjustments and modifications done.The Supplementary Planning Document has been developed in accordance with local, regional and national planning policy, and the adoption of this guidance means that sustainable design and construction are material considerations to be given incubus in considering development of this project, and can be the subject of planning conditions and/or obligations in respect of appropriate development. Applicants for planning permission will be expect to impart considered this planning guidance and in so doing to have focused on the five sustainable design and construction aims defined here toMr. and Mrs. Jones have relocated from New York to Alabama following their retirement. They decided to build their new dream house in a lot of land that they had purchased earlier. This brought about to them selecting a team oversee the construction works. I was contracted to write a project plan for the new housing project that will act as a guideline to the whole project since in this project plan I have indicated all the procedures to be undertaken to ensure that the project is successful and it is delivered gibe to the stipulated time.The house to be constructed is of 300m2 which will be used as their new home, the project plans is to be started as soon as possible so as to meet the 25th December, 2012 deadline and which is the time the project is expected to come to a completion. The construction and the implementation of this project should be done in accordance to the ideas, stipulation and requirements of the owners which in this case is Mr. and Mrs. Jones. They are to approve every step and phase undertaken in the construction process and by using this project plan as the guideline to ensure strict budgetary arrangements and proper construction proce dure is followed.The construction

Gentrifying San Francisco Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gentrifying San Francisco - Research Paper ExampleThis involves poor residents being displaced by wealthy and resourceful people (Corbyn 1). Communities that experience gentrification argon characterized by an gain in average income and a decrease in the average size of a family. Gentrification has the potential to affect the gay community in San Francisco through the work shift of people, economic shifts and social changes.One of the main challenges that the gay community in San Francisco, California is facing is gentrification. Gay leaders in influential gay neighborhoods such as Castro fear that these regions are quickly losing their identities. According to Associated Press (2007), these regions are being populated by heterosexual couples. An influx of heterosexual couples in these regions whoremonger be attributed to the forces of gentrification (Associated Press 1). Gay neighborhoods are increasingly becoming attractive to investors and developers.The gentrification debate is based on discussions around the uprooting of minority and poor individuals and families. These people are uprooted from their communities by government policies or developers. Different approaches or theories fuddle been used to explain the cause of gentrification in San Francisco. There are five crucial factors that have been attributed to this trend. These are social-cultural, demographic-ecological, social movements, political-economic and community networks. In the case of demographic-ecological, gentrification has been attributed to demographic factors such as environment, social organization, creation and technology. This approach explains the explosive increase in population of people aged between 25 and 35 years in the 1970s (Associated Press 1). As a result of this increase in population, requirement for housing and amenities also increased. The second approach that is used to explain gentrification is the social-cultural approach. This approach explains gentrification based on sentiments, values, beliefs, ideas and

Validity and Reliability of the Myers Briggs Test Term Paper

Validity and Reliability of the Myers Briggs Test - Term Paper ExampleThe history of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator holds accountable Carl Jung and his genius theory as the primary basis and the chief influence of Katharine C. Briggs and her daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers in the development of the MBTI, a project that lasted for two decades and a half (Bayne, 1997 Morgan & Morgan, 2007 Quenk, 2009). Jung published his restrain Psychological Types in the early 1920s which was later on translated in English and published in America. Briggs at that time was also developing her hold theory of personality types which she later on abandoned upon discovery of Jungs theory which resembled her ideas but had better structure and form. It then started the long journey of Briggs and Myers that reason with the creation of the MBTI. Guided by Jungs theory, their observations of individuals led them to the conclusion that typology could provide a useful way of describing healthy personality diff erences and importantly, that such assessment could be put to practical use in peoples lives (Morgan & Morgan, 2007, p. 336). Such non-judgmental and realistic underpinnings of the instrument are perhaps the reasons for its massive influence and application. It is interesting to keep that none of them have studied and trained under Jungian psychoanalysis yet they accepted his ideas and studied it enthusiastically for 25 years. To begin with, both were not psychologists and do not have a strong foundation in statistics. In the 1940s, psychological testing was a very young field and inventory type questionnaires were not popular. While psychology often measures characteristic, Myers and Briggs were more drawn towards preferences which identify the dominant functions of individuals. At that time, they did not have the convenience of computers making concomitant analysis, so they relied heavily on friends who they classified as thinking and feeling individuals.

International Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Strategic Management - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, firms of each particular industrial sector have to align their trade strategies in accordance with the characteristics of the specific sector but also the position of their competitors. Specifically referring to firms operating in the pharmaceutical perseverance White (2006, 175) noticed that the pharmaceutical sector regularly forms alliances, partnerships, and joint ventures with kindred industries such as biotechnology, diagnostics, health care, and information services. In other words, firms operating within the pharmaceutical industry should carefully review their marketing strategy as the qualities, the effectiveness and the safety claimed (through the relevant marketing messages) keep have a significant effect on consumers (patients) around the world. The development of consumer-directed publicise has helped towards the improvement of the marketing campaigns of pharmaceutical firms around the world (refe rring not only to the qualities of the products advertised but also to the effectiveness of these products). Moreover, consumers can be better informed on the solutions available for the treatment of a specific disease. Regarding the specific issue it is noticed by Holtz (1998, 199) that the increase in consumer-directed advertising has helped to foster a health care atmosphere in which it is the patient, and not the medical practitioner, who initiates a discussion regarding possible drug therapy. The importance of consumer-directed advertising in the pharmaceutical industry has been also highlighted by Wang et al. (2004). The above researchers referred to a specific form of advertising, the 4-C model which has been found to refer mainly to the following issues First, what the customer fate should be sold second, enterprise should take every efforts to decrease the cost of fulfilling the customers demand third, enterprise should take every efforts to give

What Sets Us Apart Essay Example for Free

What Sets Us Apart EssayIn the essay What Sets us Apart, by Mortimer B. Zuckerman, he examines the issue of how America is regarded by foreign countries and the impact America has in these countries. Zuckerman acknowledges of Hollywood contributing to a significant piece of Americas soft power on how we are perceived by other countries meaning that American culture is not viewed favorable by other countries because of Hollywood.Zuckermans perception is something that I agree with unfortunately, America is viewed in a negative way by other countries because of Hollywood contributing to an askew image of America, a misperception by foreign countries, and the tolerance by the American society. First of all, the reason Hollywood has such a profound impact on the appearance on American society, is because they supply over 70 percent of the European film makers and 90 percent to the rest of the world.Sadly, Hollywood targets the younger population audience who cook the bulk of the fi lm industry, which has a tremendous impact to what movies contain. Of course, being a younger crowd will imply more action, violence, sex, and special effects, which seems as though it will not have an effect but it does. Since Hollywood is the biggest supplier of films to other countries, whatever is shown in these films (action, violence, sex, and special effects) will reflect the American life-style. give thanks to these images, Hollywood has made Americanism a dirty word. Furthermore, these misperceptions of the American lifestyle has made foreign countries once favorable opinions of the United States drop in recent years. The indecency portrayed in America gives rise to the fears of an up rise by the people in a communism country. Thus making democracy less(prenominal) attractive, rather than displaying the beauty of democracy. People from foreign countries that have strong value see our society with little to no morals, and a lot of promiscuity.All of these factors emitted by the media have attributed to making America a less desirable place to other countries. Moreover, the American society has tolerated and accepted what the media has presented to other foreign countries. The purchase of some(prenominal) these products means we have accepted what is being displayed and agree with what is shown in them. As Americans we fill to educate other countries that we are educated individuals whom have strong values and value diversity. We need to show how organized and well-established we are as a democratic society.Here in America, freedom and liberty is granted to individuals in their lifestyle choices. Being American grants us the freedom that not many countries offer as Americans we can demonstrate the beautiful attributes we have as a society. Overall, we need to demonstrate and educate countries whom view us poorly that we are not what the media displays. Instead, let us show the beautiful aspects of life this country offers to all ethnicities. Here, in America, like Zuckerman said we are provided with self-help, self-improvement, and self-renovation that no other country can offer.

Aggressive in behaviour Essay Example for Free

Aggressive in behaviour EssayI lead use this as my title for the purposes of planning. In 1998, 47% of female prisoners had dependent baberen (Flynn, 199875). In 1999 this was estimated to be more like 55% based on those with children cardinal or under. With the female prison population numbering around 3,250, the number of women estimated to have young children is 1788 (Harris, 2000iv). So I feel it would be useful to picture and locate around 10% of this number and ask for permission to interview and study their children. This figure would still mean a lot of work for the researchers and there would need to be several as non all of those approached would give permission for the research to involve their children. As a result, I have located that the best methods of research will be interviews and observations. The reason I have chosen these methodologies is because they argon more informal, and when working with children, it is more likely to yield results than quest ionnaires. Questionnaires are problematical for younger children, who may be unable to write and face to face techniques are more likely to obtain tuition questionnaires are not always filled in or returned to the researchers (Bell, 1999130).The benefits of interviewing and observation preclude the use of questionnaires, in part because they allow a certain flexibility for the researcher to progress investigate any new ideas which may become apparent (Browne, 1997406, 414). Observation is beneficial to the researcher because it can allow for additional details to be famous which the child might be unable or unwilling to express. Interviews permit a degree of familiarity betwixt the researcher and the subject, and in turn may turn in opportunity to further discuss any points which the researcher feel are relevant.In questioning children, the ethics are mazy. Permission to interview the child has to be obtained, and it might be unclear from whom it should be procured. The Brit ish Psychological Society in 1996 put down down a code of ethics and conduct in which it was stipulated that if the research affects someone not able to give valid consent, i.e. a child under the geezerhood of eighteen, then it needs to be obtained from whomever has legal means to give it (Lindsay, 200014-15).The first people deemed to be those with parental responsibility are the natural parents. Exceptions to this include a carer who has a resident order under the 1989 Children Act, anyone place a temporary emergency protection order or the local authority if the child is in care (Masson, 200037). If the mother is in prison, as is demand for his research, obtaining information regarding their children might be a contentious point. It will involve the co-operation of the prison management in addition to the parents, children, and the childs place of education.There being only(prenominal) sixteen prisons in England and Wales which house female prisoners (Flynn, 199857), I feel it would be easier to gain the information from a women-only establishment as the administration may be more familiar with the inmates and perhaps will be in a position to assist the research. This would require asking the prison to identify those prisoners with children, which I c at onceptualise is a detail which would perhaps already be on a database. If this is not the case, it would then involve asking the women in the prison to come forward.This would undoubtedly cause difficulties, as they may not wish to do so, perhaps through disinterest in the research or an unwillingness to be set part from the others as a result of it. Women who have been separated from their children, for whatever reason, may be emotional as a result, and therefore sensitivity is an sheer(a) necessity. The disruption to the prison is also something which needs to be taken into consideration, butmost prisoners find it a welcome change to talk to outsiders(King, 2000303).Once women with children betwe en the ages of two and seventeen years have been identified and approached, their permission to interview their children must be obtained. Authorisation should also be secured from the person caring for the child away from the prison, as it is actually ethically wrong to ask permission for such things from the parent not currently the full-time carer (Masson, 200038). I do not know the ethics on continuing on the sole permission of the carer rather than the mother. This is the only clear means of getting access to the information required, as it would be too difficult to poll schools for the information. They would not be able to divulge the data on the children without parental permission anyway. If permission is not presumption by the mother or the carer, the child will not be contacted in any way. It might be interesting, however, to ask why the parents did not lack to take part.Once permission has been gained, the next step is to decide where would be best for the child to hol d the interviews. The parents may have suggestions themselves, as they may take to have the interview conducted in their presence. This is something which will have to be taken into consideration in the conduct of the project, as it may have a stroller on the behaviour of the child. The presence of a parent, teacher or carer may influence the way the child acts, albeit perhaps indirectly, so affecting their responses to the questions. It would undoubtedly be better to interview all the children under the same conditions, but this might not be possible so it would be advisable to be fain to be flexible. The best place would be somewhere neutral to the child perhaps a local community centre, preferably interviewing the child twice once with a parent, carer or teacher in the room, then once without them there.I believe this might show a variance in the childs attitude and behaviour towards the researcher and their questions, as they will have an audience to play to when someone the y know well is in the room. It is essential, however, to interview the child in a position in which they are comfortable. If the parents feel it would be best to interview at their home, then places such as the garden or even the stairs may provide a sense of security for the child (Masson, 200043). Otherwise another place to carry out an interview might be the childs school. If the child is contrasted to their school-life however, this may introduce elements of bias into their interview compared to other children who may have been interviewed at home or at a community centre.The practicality of eliciting reliable information from a child (under eighteen years of age), is a point which quickly becomes clouded with other issues. The words of an adult may be too complex or the sentence structure poorly formed, so that a child become confused. This has been proven to be the case by several authors (Walker, 1994, Dockrell, Lewis Lindsay, 2000), and includes children up to the age of eighteen. Minors, even those nearly eighteen, are not always proficient in language skills, and may have difficulty understanding the wording of questions or in formulating their own answers (Walker, 19944). There is a need to be sure of how a child is answering a question put to them, as they could be responding to a part of a question rather than the whole question.

The Lady’s Maid and Cinderella Essay Example for Free

The Ladys Maid and Cinderella EssayIn The Ladys Maid, by Katherine Mansfield, the narrator and maid is named Ellen. (Name similarity?) She, frequently like Cinderella, is loyal and quiet in performing her daily duties. Ellen is also searching for something to complete her life. But several incidents in Ellens life reach to her un-Cinderella-like ending, including the fact that she does non give way a mythical figure to help her out. These scenes, which argon shown through Ellens responses to interactions with characters around her, prove Ellen to be a very complex character. Both Ellen and Cinderella experience sadness from childhood experiences and devotion to the ladies that they serve, but whereas Cinderella bastinados her problems in the end and finds happiness, Ellen carries her emotions so deeply that she cannot break salvage from her enslaved life.When comparing Cinderella and Ellen, a their childhoods are obviously similar in many respects. Both the girls lack a c onstant loving home and a strong mother figure. Losing a parent at a young age is distressing to Cinderella in much the same way as it is for Ellen. Because the girls were never close with their parents because of death, they never highly-developed the ties of loving mother-daughter relationships. Cinderella worked for her stepmother at a very young age, and after Ellen lived with her grandfather and an aunt, she was sent to work as a maid at age thirteen. The scuffle of parental figures for both Cinderella and Ellen causes them intense emotional trauma and likely triggers feelings of guilt for the loss of their parents.Cinderella and Ellen spend their days devoting much time and attention to those people in their lives who do give them attention. Because they never feel the true love that a parent can give, they mistake the orders from the old ladies as parental love. The maternal instincts that these girls both feel are similar, because they are struggling with the lack of parent al influence and consequently cope by devoting their energy to those who give them any attention at all. And because they end up devoting much of their lives to those people who give them negative attention, neither Cinderella nor Ellen have anyone who truly care for them. As Cinderella and Ellen were growing up, they had no one that love them the way a parent can love.Cinderella and Ellen had unfulfilling childhoods that later caused them to attach later in life to anyone who should care for them. Because of their dependence to these people, the girls are both easily manipulated. Cinderella does all her chores for her stepmother and constantly cooks and cleans for the family. She feels that it is her duty to serve the family for allowing her to live with them. Cinderella is very dependent on the malicious, unloving family because she has no one else who cares about her. The stepmother and stepsisters are very cruel to Cinderella, and she does not like the way she is treated, yet s he still does her work cheerfully, constantly singing and talking with the birds and the dog. Cinderella seems to create happiness for her and for others, seemingly drawing from an internal reservoir of thoroughgoing(a) heartedness, goodness, and beauty.There is no external source refilling her with love, support, and comfort. Ellens skirt does not treat her cruelly, but Ellens life is emotionally unfulfilling, like Cinderella. Her brothel keeper wants her to be happy, but still places high demands on Ellen, like an employer. The lady does not offer any true feelings of love to Ellen that a young char needs to feel. At this age in the girls lives, they need to be feeling love as experienced in a marriage. Similar to Cinderella, Ellen attaches herself to the lady because there is no one else, and is controlled into pleasing the lady. Ellen has become so devoted that her primary concern is pleasing the lady. She says, Ive got nobody but my lady (Mansfield 37). Ellen and Cinderell a feel emotionally isolated throughout their young adult lives, and in order to feel needed, they attach themselves to their respective ladies.Cinderella and Ellen have very similar lives until it comes time for them to break free of their mundane lives. Cinderellas Fairy Godmother appears on the night of the ball, makes her a beautiful dress, and whisks her off to the ball in a pumpkin carriage. There, she meets Prince Charming, and eventually they are marital and live happily ever after (Cinderella). She overcomes her problems and escapes her cruel stepfamily, to eventually be happy. Perhaps this is because of the intervention of her Fairy Godmother, a luxury that Ellen does not have. The mythical godmother provides distant assistance that may be paralleled to divine intervention, referring to a force that is greater than one. Perhaps, when Cinderella was written, this force was very important in daily lives. And when A Ladys Maid was written, this divine force was not as powerfu l as a truth in daily lives, which is why Mansfield did not include it in her trading floor. Ellen cannot escape her life with the lady.Harry, Ellens suitor, has lives full of flowers and family planned out. The couple will live above his flower shop while running the business. However, Ellen rejects the idea of marriage, verbalise Harry Im not going to marry you. I cant leave my lady (Mansfield 40). Ellens choice to stay with her lady over being with a man that cares about her shows her abnormal amount of loyalty and devotion (almost puppy-like) to her lady. There is no one to show Ellen the way to happiness, as there was for Cinderella. Ellen concludes her story by saying, She says, Good night, Ellen. Sleep sound and wake early I dont know what I would do if she didnt say that, now (Mansfield 40). Ellen is so devoted to her lady that she cannot leave her, even though she had a better life with Harry.Her guilt, desperation to please, dependence, and devotion to her lady overcome her desire to have an emotionally fulfilling adult relationship in the end. Instead, she stays with her lady. The loss or gain of marital love is a prevailing substructure throughout both stories. The difference in the endings for Cinderella and Ellen is significant Cinderella obtains happiness while Ellen remains in her state of near-slavery. The reason for the difference is not in their characters, because they have experienced the emotional trauma from an early age, and consequently both have very similar thoughts, actions, and emotions.From Cinderella, the reader sees an oppressed young girl who obtains freedom from her plague stepmother by marrying Prince Charming with the help of her Fairy Godmother. The reader understands that mythical forces, such as fairy godmothers, are there to help out when times are tough, and that eventually everyone will get their own Prince Charming. Katherine Mansfield wants the reader of A Ladys Maid to see Ellens desperation to please and her de vout operate to the lady, all while revealing deep inner troubles of a character who is not able to resolve herself in the end. While Cinderella is a charming, mythical story that children of all ages love, Mansfields modern story form provides a realistic and truthful ending.

Incivility in Nursing: Causes and Intervention Strategies

Incivility in Nursing Causes and Intervention StrategiesReview of related belles-lettresa. Definition of rudenessIncivility is define as an bad-mannered fashion towards a person whether physical or verbal. Incivility is often seen in diverse environment and venue such as inside the classroom, clinical setting, community, and workplace. Incivility is always a major issue that affects the relationship between a bookman and a teacher. consort to Clark (2008) she defined impudence as an inter wreakive and dynamic process that both segmenties are responsible. She also utter that it creates a breastwork between the teaching-learning environment. The most common issues roughly assurance between a student and a teacher are that teachers treat students unfairly and teachers pressure students to spiel strength demands. Faculty incivility is inexpert and unethical, it is a appearance that compromises a students learning ability and decision do in the classroom or clinical setti ng. Incivility lowers ones self-importance esteem and self confidence that hinders the students ability to perform in the classroom or clinical setting. Faculty incivility leaves a pick out to a student, it rats a student feel bad of themselves. According to Clark (2008) students are helpless, powerless, and traumatized. Students performance will suffer drastically, she stated that students will have a harder judgment of conviction finishing the nursing program.According to Marchiondo (2010), she stated that faculty incivility will result into extreme cases like slump and violence. A student that feels depressed business leader have a hard time coping inside the classroom. The students safety is a main priority for faculty members, a result to violence whitethorn affect the environment in school and in the clinical setting. The Ameri throw out Nurses Associations (2004) Nursing reach and Standards of Practice stated that professionalism is crucial in interactions with anothe r(prenominal)s, it also stated that the art of nursing is based on caring and respect for others. Marchiondo (2010), she also stated that big term faculty incivility whitethorn result in program dissatisfaction and withdrawal. She also stated that faculty incivility ignored is also an act of incivility as well. Ignoring a negative look is an act of negative behavior as well. She also stated that at that place is a high chance of incivility in an educational setting if there are no rules or regulations regarding faculty incivility. Perpetrators of supervision fail to detect incivility or uncivil behavior and will be held responsible for their actions.According to Bautista (2013) posted journal, student behaviors most comm wholly reported as discourteous by faculty included making negative groans, making ironic comments or gestures, not interested in class, dominating class discussions, using gadgets in class, and cheating on tests and exams. The greater part of faculty reported t hat unethical or uncivil student behaviors occurred rarely or sometimes. Samples of faculty behaviors considered unethical or uncivil by students incorporated gaolbreak of classes without warnings, world not ready for class, disallowing open discussions, being not interested or cold in class, mocking or provoking students, conducting fast-paced discussions and lectures, and being unavailable or unreachable outside class. Students think faculty incivility as a reasonable difficulty in the nursing education environment. Therefore, it is very essential that harbor educators and administrators assist students and faculty handle efficiently with these behaviors. (Bautista, 2013).According to Davis, Karen (2005) she confirmed that the notion of faculty incivility in nursing education is old. However, it has generated frequently conversation at communitywide conferences, faculty meetings and in the press. Whats disturbing the most is nurse educators are the frequency of faculty inc ivility being witnessed in every day encounters by teachers who teach students in the clinical setting and the class room. If these actions are not mentioned during the academic process, they can simply go beyond to health care environments.An incorporated assessment of the literature from five years ago, which included nursing students and faculty from programs conferring associate to doctoral degrees, recognized general unethical or uncivil behaviors from students late in class, being noisy and inattentive in class, dominating class, shouting at professors, threatening and provoking, physical abuse, and threatening or blackmailing to give bad teacher evaluations. Behaviors of the teachers most often measured unethical or uncivil by students were mocking or provoking students, being impertinent or unreachable, and being unavailable outside the class room. No wonder nursing education is now being considered by a society of incivility.(Davis, 2005).According to Marchiondo et. al. (2 010) he stated that the unethical or uncivil behaviors can have many harmful effects on both faculty and students. Sufferers of incivility may feel symptoms such as pressure, strive and anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, sadness, annoyance and humiliation. One study found a strong connection between a students fulfillment and incivilitywith his or her nursing education. Incivility correlates strongly with program dissatisfaction. As the incivility goes up, a students fulfillment with the course some students finally leave their nursing course for another course and some students decide not to enter the nursing career. (Marchiondo, Lasiter, 2010).B. Student incivilityAccording to the book of write d aver J. (2007) usually bullies dont bop their own attitude and behavior as being immoral or uncivil. They may depart one position, only to cause disorder anywhere else. Their insight truly becomes their reality. Incivility can become the standard for a class room, clinical setting, and work place, which makes it harder to modify. Dealing with the negative behavior in a sensible way, will stop incivility from becoming the standard. Once incivility is permitted to become the standard, it takes time to get the place of work sanction to an optimistic, healthy atmosphere. Experts concur that it takes about 2-5 years for a group to change its customs. Policies are a must to stop and/ or progress incivility. A indemnity of behavior is essential to describe the behaviors that are considered troublesome. The system needs to deal with all employees in a group such as non employees such as providers, and nurses. In order for a policy of behavior to be efficient, it must be applied in all situations. Leadership needs to be not only implicated in the process, but dedicated to reinforcing its significance. With no enforcement, the policy is useless. All members of the team, including leadership, need to be responsible for enforcing and modeling the policy of behavior. Similarly i mportant is assessing incidents and complaints in an appropriate method, and taking counteractive action so workers see it is not tolerated or condoned. Nurse leaders need to set the nature and medical prognosis for the type of proficient communions that will occur in the workplace. Words can be typed in a mission statement, but the truth is that nurses and students will copy the behaviors they view and practice from the faculty and nurse leaders. If my nurse leader does not walk the talk, I am going to disregard the policy and act what I know I can get away with. We all float irregularly and that is human nature. However as nurses, we are responsible for our own behaviors and actions. Education is the key to serving others. Some health settings are looking for to teach nurses on how to get better at social communications, proper etiquette, and resurrect optimistic skills in the place of work. People may not understand they show unethical or uncivil behavior. People consider thi s is not about me. Many times people need insight or self-awareness, and have no idea how to modify behavior that may be embedded. Teaching everyone on the new code of conduct will assist produce an accepting, friendly, and an open atmosphere. It may be needed to offer guiding and coaching as desire to help amaze the attitudes and behaviors of others. There should be a no acceptance for incivility. Its significant for all of us to educate respect and teach others to know and react to incivility. Nurse leaders must get complaints critically and not let off the messenger. It takes great effort to tell incivility. Dont make excuses such as thats just the way she is, but you will get used to it or the unit cannot afford to lose him even though he makes worry on the unit. As a nurse leader its vital to collect information swiftly, shake-up the facts, and act upon when needed. Its important to carry out post-departure interviews, not at the time a student leaves, but weeks after leaving . This will give you an improved image as to what other essentials may have been concerned in the worker exit his or her situation. Its significant to maintain the latest traditions by obliging open communication so that civility becomes the custom. Nurse leaders require showing dependably and making a safe atmosphere so nurses are not terror-struck when giving out complaints and concerns or telling reports. Nurse leaders also need to endorse positive and open response so nurses learn how to show common courtesy and respect. Its significant to be tolerant of each others opinions and ideas. Nursing academic programs need to contain incivility issues and topics in the program. Its also supportive to have students role play specific situations. It has been found that former students are able to feel unethical or uncivil behaviors in a more than suitable approach, with the use of play-acting.C. Faculty incivilityRegarding to the definition of Clark, et.al. Incivility in the nursing ed ucation is perceived as frank or troublesome behaviors which often effects in psychological or physiological suffering for people concerned and if left with no action, may develop into a provoking condition (Clark, Farnsworth Landrom, 2008).Regarding to the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health the incivility in the nursing education is a underdeveloped crisis and one that gravely affects the learning-teaching atmosphere and frequently outcomes in problematic and stressful faculty-student relationships. Nursing professors, who show constructive, ethical behaviors, support similar attitudes and behaviors from their students. Furthermore, professors who are unfriendly, not interested, and spite may call upon resentment. The document that was written by Cynthia M. Clark (2008) made a phenomenological research to observe nursing students view of faculty incivility and its effect on the students. Students recognized 3 major themes of faculty incivilityProfesso rs behaving in humiliating and mocking ways,Treating students unjustly and personally, andObliging and pressuring students to conform to difficult school demands.Furthermore, students felt helplessness and hopelessness to speak to the problem and described faculty superiority and misuse of power as main factors to the problem. (Clark, 2008)Regarding to the piece written by Susan Luparell (2008) Incivility in Nursing Education LETS PUT AN END TO IT she confirmed that both students and faculty have addressed that incivility is a reasonable problem in the nursing education. Fortunately, faculties will tell that they see incivility by only rare occasions. Yet addressing with these unusual problem students take an uneven numerate of their time and effort, and frequently ends up depriving diligent students of excellent educational experiences. Impolite behavior to faculty is not partial to being noisy in class, gilded voices, and ironic comments. Nursing faculty have also implicated be ing pressed, having school stuff thrown at them, vandalizing their stuff and being stalked nearly and outside the classroom, and obtaining threats. Regrettably, the incivility matter isnt one-sided. Students also indicate that they also feel disrepected. The people involved may be other students, professors, or staff. Its not astounding to feel that students find mocking comments and provoking by professors to be unethical or uncivil. (Luparell, 2008)Regarding to the book of Carter, he confirmed that to make a more civil surroundings, he tells Americans to raise ordinary good over selfishness, to push wider civic contribution, and to renovate social standards. Carter feels that impoliteness and disregard are the merest graze of the step forward of problem and proof of our nations rising incivility. According to Carter, self-interest and stealing ones own desires met are crowding into the community of America, including our nations schools and classrooms.As Forni (2008) confirmed, incivility frequently occurs when people are worried, stressed, miserable, or hurried. When these match, something can occur. Incivility affects self-confidence, damages relations, increases anxiety and stress, contaminates the work atmosphere, and may rise into cruelty. Its significant to note that many times the faculty showing the unethical or uncivil behavior is ignorant of how his/her behavior, actions or words may be upsetting others. The outcomes of incivility take a toll on us. It affects our self-confidence by affecting our mentality. When we feel susceptible, there is a rise in stress and anxiety, which can develop to anger and violence. It also affects our relations by causing depression, loss and isolation. It also increases anxiety and stress, which lowers the immune system, it greatly affects our body, soul and spirit. Furthermore, the effects can result to despair and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It also affects the atmosphere of the workplace by lowering co nfidence.Nurse leaders can also be in a difficult situation. For nurses in a management and leadership position, to stay still is to ignore the behavior. If leadership allows the behavior, it makes it difficult for others to tell the same kind of attitudes and behavior. The nurse may think his/her leadership accepts of the behavior. Furthermore, leadership may not understand incivility is happening. The behavior wishes to be told to the nurse leaders notice for more action. Dont presume the behavior has possibly been reported by a different nurse. Incivility also happens with student nurses. It results in students having lowered self-confidence and confidence, rage, disappointment, insomnia, stress, anxiety and worry. When student nurses are bullied by staff nurses, they are more suitable to imitate the attitudes and behaviors and result in bullying behavior themselves. (Forni, 2008)Incivility is defined as an uncivil behavior towards a person whether physical or verbal. Incivility is often seen in different environment and venue such as inside the classroom, clinical setting, community, and workplace. Incivility is always a major issue that affects the relationship between a student and a teacher. According to Clark (2008) she defined incivility as an interactive and dynamic process that both parties are responsible. She also stated that it creates a barrier between the teaching-learning environment. The most common issues about incivility between a student and a teacher are that teachers treat students unfairly and teachers pressure students to meet faculty demands. Faculty incivility is unprofessional and unethical, it is a behavior that compromises a students learning ability and decision making in the classroom or clinical setting. Incivility lowers ones self esteem and self confidence that hinders the students ability to perform in the classroom or clinical setting. Faculty incivility leaves a mark to a student, it makes a student feel bad of themselves . According to Clark (2008) students are helpless, powerless, and traumatized. Students performance will suffer drastically, she stated that students will have a harder time finishing the nursing program. According to Marchiondo (2010), she stated that faculty incivility will result into extreme cases like depression and violence. A student that feels depressed might have a hard time coping inside the classroom. The students safety is a main priority for faculty members, a result to violence may affect the environment in school and in the clinical setting. The American Nurses Associations (2004) Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice stated that professionalism is important in interactions with others, it also stated that the art of nursing is based on caring and respect for others. Marchiondo (2010), she also stated that long term faculty incivility may result in program dissatisfaction and withdrawal. She also stated that faculty incivility ignored is also an act of incivility as well. Ignoring a negative behavior is an act of negative behavior as well. She also stated that there is a high chance of incivility in an educational setting if there are no rules or regulations regarding faculty incivility. Perpetrators of supervision fail to detect incivility or uncivil behavior and will be held responsible for their actions.

Utilizing Self-Organizing Heterogeneous Networks

Utilizing Self-Organizing Heterogeneous Ne cardinalrksA Disaster-Resilient Modern Cellular Ne cardinalrk Utilizing Self-Organizing Heterogeneous Networks, Device-to-Device conversation en able-bodiedd LTE-AdvancedAbstractThe goal of advance(a) chat nets is to keep every corner of the world connected at all times. This goal is of utmost importance especially during a catastrophe. Todays mobile conversation internets fail to showcase fast casualty resilience due to the lack of a distributed conversation architecture that would work even if a part of the network fails. With current technological advancements, this resilience can be achieved by creating an overlay of various techniques. Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) and Internet of Things (IoT) play significant roles in the next multiplication 5G networks. Having this in mind, this paper discusses how Self Organizing Networks (SON) when applied to HetNet, and a distributed Device-to-Device (D2D) communication enabled archite cture when applied to Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A), can strengthen the disaster resilience of a modern prison kioskular network. Self-configuring, self-optimizing and self-healing heterogeneous menial cell networks overturn the need for human intervention and ensure reliable communication during calamities. A D2D type communication is important because in most cases, physical damage to operators network elements is the cause for network failure. thusly there is a need to be able to communicate collar centres without total dependency on a carriers network. The means of achieving these two goals will be addressed in this paper.I. IntroductionThe earlier forms of communications were intended to stake emergency messages during wars. While communication technology has evolved from sending pigeons to next generation 5G, the industry has non been able to ensure dead reliable communication for disaster-struck regions with the unaffected areas during times of emergency. Th e existent methods for emergencies such as the earthquake and tsunami warning system (ETWS), Public Safety Networks, only serve the manipulation of communicating broadcast messages to public and information sharing among officials. However it is important to also have a reliable communication means amongst victims in affected areas and the outside world. In 2011, around 29,000 eNBs were damaged during the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, which cause network outage and affected communication of safety messages and emergency requests 12.Problems in radiocommunication networks during disaster scenarios include increase in traffic beyond the networks capacity, physical damage of network portions including backhaul, unnecessary handovers due to improper neighbor run and limited availability of human resources 1. The methods discussed in the paper will address these problems.A Heterogeneous Small Cell Network (HSCN) is one in which there is an umbrella created by the claim able cell and small cells are deployed deep down the region to protagonist fix coverage gaps and capacity needs 14. The co-ordination of different cells within the same region without interfering is the challenging part of an HSCN. D2D communication is one in which the User Equipment (UEs) can exchange information directly.This paper will blow up by discussing the architecture of a SON-enabled Disaster Resilient HSCN (DRHSCN). We will discuss how self-configuration of world-beater, automatic neighbor relation (ANR), Physical Cell identity (PCI), self- optimisation of coverage, capacity, mobility robustness and self-healing capabilities help in achieving minimal human intervention during disasters 1. The next section of the paper will discuss how a multihop D2D communication system realized through smart thinks pass along can help in disaster resilience 3. We will then discuss how the current LTE architecture can be made distributed in rule to minimize the dependency between User Equipment (UE) and the hollow out network 2. We will discuss how D2D communication can help in this regard and increase the disaster resilience of an LTE-A network 2.II. Utilizing SON in DRHSCNThe master(a) purpose for using SON in Disaster Resilient Heterogeneous Small Cell Networks (DRHSCN) is to reduce the operational expenditure (OPEX) and human intervention. The DRHSCN architecture as shown in Figure 1 1 consists of a large cell and several small cells (femto cells) within the macro cell. Satellite link provides the backhaul. The SON entity of the network is present on the stem turn rank side. The Heterogeneous evolved Node B (HeNB) serves the femto user equipment (FUE) while the macro base station serves the macro user equipment (MUE).Figure 1. Architecture of DRHSCN 1During disasters, there will need for deployment of new nodes such as cellular on wheels (CoW), adaptation of the existing nodes to the changes, and healing of the nodes that were damaged physically. Se lf-configuration means a newly added node during a disaster scenario automatically selects the network parameters and schemes such as physical cell ID (PCI), tycoon configurations, neighbor lists and early(a) basic settings require for proper operation 4. The newly added nodes are configured into the network and then the existing nodes involve in self-optimizing as a reaction to the environmental changes caused by the disaster. Self-optimization means automatically changing the radio resource steering parameters such as power parameters (pilot, control and data), tilt, azimuths, handover management parameters, and others needed to optimize the performance of the network 4.Self-Configuring new nodesWe will discuss the methods for self-configuring the deport power, physical cell ID and Automatic Neighbor Relation (ANR) in DRHSCN. permit us as tote upe a new HeNB is entering the network and its boundary ends where the path loss is 2 dB from the HeNB. When it powers on, the HeNB wi ll receive Reference star sign Received Power (RSRP) measurements of the macro eNB as wellspring as other HeNBs in the vicinity. Based on this self-discovery, the HeNB will configure a suitable transmit power to mitigate the co- lead interference with the macro or other small cells 1. A FUE will be covered by the HeNB if Signal to Interference and commotion Ratio (SINR) from the HeNB is above 3dB. An MUE will be served by the macro eNB if SINR from macro eNB is above 1dB. Based on these assumptions, the self-configuration will make sure that for FUE outside the 2dB boundary, SINR is under 3dB. For MUE outside the 2dB boundary, SINR is above 1dB. This way the HeNB cannot affect the MUE outside its boundary 1.Figure 2. (a) Self-configuration of PCI 1 (b) Self-configuration of ANR 1A physical cell ID needs to be unique for each cell in its operating area in articulate to avoid conflict and confusion. Since the primary and secondary synchronization signals (PSS, SSS) are based on the PCI, any collision would result in synchronization problems. thither are only 504 possible PCIs 4. Hence in a dense deployment of heterogeneous networks, it is difficult to guarantee uniqueness. preferably of manually configuring PCI during network planning or randomly selecting a PCI, an automatic PCI selection algorithm 1 as shown in Figure 2a 1 would result in lesser collisions and confusions in a disaster scenario. The HeNB first detects neighbors in its vicinity and composes a deny list. It then requests a reserved list from the SON-enabled OAM (Operations, Administration, and Maintenance) system. Based on these, an in stock(predicate) PCI is selected and confirmed with the OAM. It is a periodic procedure and the HeNB reselects its PCI based on the neighbor PCIs seen in UE measurement reports.In order to ensure handovers are managed properly in the absence of human resource during disasters, an Automatic Neighbor Relation (ANR) feature should be added. This enables the se lf-configuration of the Neighbor Relation Table (NRT) and deletion of unnecessary neighbor traffic (NR). The algorithm is shown in Figure 2b 1 and is very similar to the PCI selection algorithm. Instead of a PCI list, a neighbor list is composed. The neighbor PCI and Cell Global Identity (CGI) are obtained from the UE measurement reports. ANR reduces the need for handover selection from a long neighbor list by removing unnecessary NR periodically. 1Self-Optimizing existing nodesSelf-optimization in the existing HeNB in DRHSCN is achieved in two ways Mobility rigor Optimization (MRO) and reportage Optimization.In a heterogeneous network, the occurrence of unnecessary handovers due to complex mobility patterns and cell boundaries, results in large consumption of resources which cannot be afforded especially in a disaster scenario. The purpose of self-optimizing handover (HO) parameters is to detect such unnecessary handovers and to avoid them while not compromising on handover fail ure rate. A Mobility Robustness Optimization algorithm is proposed for a DRHSCN 1. A cost function is first calcu youthfuld as a weighted sum of five types of handovers 5. These include ping-pong handover which return the HO back to the serving cell, early handover when Radio Link Failure (RLF) occurs since the HO was executed earlier than required, late handover when the HO is processed similarly late which results in RLF, continuing handover when the HO after execution is immediately is handed over to another cell which is not the serving cell, wrong handover when the HO was made to the wrong cell resulting in RLF 6.In order to optimize the handover process, each HeNB has a timer which starts when handover complete message is received from UE. This timer stops as soon as an RLF occurs or is reported by other eNBs/HeNBs. From the UE status after RLF the HeNB will be able to recognize if it was a late, early or wrong handover, or call drop. Based on the performance metrics collecte d by a wholeness eNB/HeNB, the parameters are optimized 1. As shown in Figure 3 1, the optimized parameters are calculated based on the cost function. This calculation is repeated iteratively after detecting unnecessary, too late, too early and wrong handovers, and fixing the weights of the cost function accordingly. The SON-enabled OAM (Operations, Administration, and Maintenance) system collects the performance reports. The RLF and unnecessary HO are reduced significantly by the optimization algorithm which will help in efficient handovers during disasters when the HeNB are randomly deployed 1.Figure 3. Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO) 1Coverage optimization is done by adaptively choosing the cell boundary. This is important in a disaster scenario because fast random deployments of small cells do not take into account the interference caused by the small cells with macro cells which will reduce the performance of the DRHSCN. In the self-configuration phase, we created firm boundaries based on RSRP measurements of eNB and other HeNBs. This boundary is not realistic since we will deploy small cells indoor(prenominal) such as in buildings. The RSRP measurements of the FUE during the self-optimization phase will help in determining a realistic coverage radius. Large changes in RSRP is observed when the FUE enters or leaves a building due to penetration loss associated with walls. The algorithm presumption in Figure 4 1 shows how after self-configuration, either an adaptive or fixed boundary is chosen based on whether a house boundary was got from the decision module. This process is iteratively applied and an optimal boundary is chosen. The performance analysis of the power self-configuration and coverage self-optimization algorithm together shows better macro and small cell coverage. It helps provide better coverage and manage capacity efficiently 1.Figure 4. Coverage and Capacity Optimization 1Self-Healing triggered by failed nodesSelf-healing is the process of handling the coverage gaps or capacity overloads resulting from the failure due to physical damage of a base station (either macro or small cell) during disasters 1. Self-healing consists of automatic breakage detection, fault classification and cell compensation schemes 7. Figure 5 7 shows the flow chart of a self-healing process. misapprehension classification into degraded (sub-optimal operation), crippled (major faults causing low SINR) or catatonic cells (complete outage) can be done using Bayesian systems to determine type of fault with certain probability 9. Learning algorithms are important to make the detection more intelligent by having a log of faulty alarm detections. The jaunt Conditions of Self-Healing (TCoSH) satisfy when anomalies occur for a particular duration and cause sufficient performance degradation. The logical steps for self-healing are provided by Third Generation federation Project (3GPP) in 8. The compensation schemes, depending on type of fault, might involve automatic reconfigurations which would direct the neighbors to up tilt antennae, increase power, or enable relay-assisted handover 10. It is detailed to preserve monitoring the faulty base station through X2 interface to check if it has recovered, so that neighbors can return to their optimal configurations. Much research is needed in self-healing in terms of the various learning, classification, and compensation algorithms before it can be deployed practically 7.Figure 5. Self-Healing Process 7III. D2D communication during disastersIn the previous section, we discussed how a SON-enabled DRHSCN implementation can help operate a 4G network reliably and efficiently during disasters. However, we need to note that the dependence on cellular operators networks is high in a DRHSCN. During a disaster, the physical damages caused to the operator network in a significantly large area, are difficult to be handled using self-healing alone. Hence there is a need for a de centralized network architecture as an overlay over DRHSCN that will ensure reliable communication of emergency messages.Figure 6. D2D communication during disasters 3Access and Network technologies in D2D communicationIn this sub-section we will discuss a multi-hop D2D communication realized using relay by smartphones 3. As a minimum requirement, unacknowledged, best effort delivery of small packets of messages such as text, voice should be possible. The types of messages may be emergency communication between affected areas and outside world, broadcast messages to the affected areas, local information sharing within refugee areas, etc. as shown in Figure 6 3. The interconnection of the D2D network with the outside world can also be achieved through Satellite, unmanned aircraft system (UAS), etc. 3. The various technologies that can be used in multihop D2D communication as shown in Figure 7 3 will be discussed next.Figure 7. Technologies in D2D communication 3The wireless access t echnologies need not be limited to one. Multiple technologies such as Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee, LTE-A, WiGig (Wireless Gigabit) can be used based on the environment, data needs, physical distance, spectrum availability. The developments in mobile equipment technologies such as battery technology, antenna design techniques enable the use of various wireless interfaces on a single mobile terminal 3. Bluetooth, WiFi and Zigbee are used currently. While WiGig has the advantage of being de-centralized and having high speeds (up to 7 Gbps for 60 GHz bandwidth), it is a short range technology (10m). LTE-A has the advantage of having a good channel quality and lesser interference due to a base station acting as controller. To overcome the disadvantage of dependence on operator network during disasters, we will discuss a decentralized D2D communication architecture for LTE-A in the next sub-section.The networking (routing) technologies used in smartphone relay cannot be fixed, like in other m ultihop communications due to the unpredictable mobility of the terminals. Hence each device selects its own routing method based on its situation. Hence integrating various routing technologies is inevitable. For a horse barn dense mesh network such as WiFi ad hoc, which is are almost immobile, mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) type routing is preferred. MANET sends a message via an constituted path from source to destination. Delay/disruption-tolerant networks (DTN) is suitable for both single and mutihop communication since it is a network layer technology 3. For wireless access technologies that work on a single hop such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, DTN-type routing has to perform multihop through various single hops. Since the best type of routing depends on the scenario, implementing a fusion of the two routing types would be the most efficient.Interconnection of the multihop D2D communication system with external networks such as satellite, movable and deployable resource units (MDRU) 11, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) is possible. Longer distance communication with areas not affected by the distance is possible through such interconnection. The gateway between the D2D system and outside networks filters out redundant messages received from DTN type routing which tends to send duplicates 3. The gateway should advertise its presence so that the terminals can direct their messages to it. For certain applications, it is important to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Hence a security functionalities are added. In order to ensure that all types of smartphones can participate in the D2D communication, all operating systems (Android, iOS, Windows, etc.) should be compatible. In order to ensure independency from cloud services, it is suggested that the terminals have a mutihop D2D mode for emergency purposes. In 3, a prototype based on fusion of MANET and DTN routing technologies was developed and its performance was tested to be good.D2D communicati on enabled decentralized LTE-A architectureThe dependencies between the UE, eNB and Evolved Packet Core (EPC) reduce the resilience and flexibility of a 4G network. We will discuss a D2D enabled LTE-A architecture that will reduce this dependency 2. The EPC is an all-IP core network that performs the access control, authentication, etc. Failure of any entity within the EPC can cause a cascading effect and might take long time to fix. A novel software architecture, which virtualizes certain fundamental EPC services and resource management functions within the eNB to reduce the dependency between the eNB and EPC is proposed in 2. A new component called Flexible Management Entity (FME) is suggested to be added to the architecture. The eNB along with the FME which includes the virtual EPC entity would now be called the Hybrid eNB (HYeNB). The detailed design and distributed protocols associated with the FME are discussed in 2. Wired or wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11, 802.16, optical, satellite networks, etc. are used to maintain connection between HYeNB and physical EPC. While the above virtualization creates a distributed architecture between the eNB and the EPC, we will discuss about how the dependency between UE and the Radio Access Network (RAN) can be reduced in LTE-A by deploying D2D feature that was introduced in Release 12 of 3GPP 13. The D2D communication is discovered, readyed and maintained without any interference from eNB or EPC. The uplink channels PUCCH, PUSCH and PRACH are used for the initialization and operation of the D2D protocol.A D2D communication can be set up within the UEs in the network when needed either using the D2D-Agent present inside the FME, or the UEs can establish the D2D communication independent of the HYeNB. When connection with eNB is lost for a Time of Interruption (ToI), a selected UE (b-UE) will take up the role of D2D-A. The b-UE will establish, manage and machinate the D2D network. It is necessary to have To I to avoid ping-pong effect. The multiple access scheme used by such a b-UE is Single Carrier Frequency variance Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) due to less interference and battery consumption 2.Figure 8. Handshake messages when UE joins a D2D network 2All UEs which lost connection with HYeNB for ToI is allowed to consider transmitting direct beacon fire frames (D-beacons). But before a UE transmits D-beacons, it will listen to the channel for at least two D-beacon time intervals (TD) (time between two beacons which can be any multiple of frame duration 10 ms) to see if any other UE is already the b-UE. If after two TD, no beacon was received, the UE becomes b-UE and starts broadcasting the D-beacons with information such as D2D network ID, identification of UEs in the network, etc. on the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). PUCCH is also used by b-UE to reply to UE network association requests as shown in Figure 8 2. The network joining procedure is same as the four-way handshake that occurs during LTE random access. There are 64 Zadoff Chu preambles from which the UE who wishes to join chooses from to minimize contention. The contention resolution scenario involves the b-UE sending solution based on the UE ID in the D2D network. The UE which did not receive a response backs off. The random access operations are performed using the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH). The response which is usually sent on Physical Downlink share Channel (PDSCH) in traditional LTE, should be sent on PUCCH by the b-UE. Reserved slots in the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) are used for the terce message (association request). PUSCH is also used for data and voice transmission. The resources reservation for data and voice takes place between peer UE and does not need b-UE involvement. 2The UEs will continue search for synchronization signals and Master Information Block (MIB) on Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) to see is the HYeNB has been reconnected. Once reconn ected, the resources allocated to the D2D network will be given up 2.IV. ConclusionA SON-enabled DRHSCN and D2D communication enabled LTE-A are two technologies that will greatly increase the robustness and resilience of existing cellular networks as well as future 5G networks during disasters. The two methods can be implemented as an overlay by introducing D2D communication within a Heterogeneous network. The multihop smart phone relay using a multiple wireless access and a fusion of routing technology when applied to the D2D network, create another layer of resilience. These methods achieve the primary goal of making the network self-reliant and distributed so that communication can be established even when any part of the network is damaged by disaster. The future 5G architecture can be made disaster-resilient from the start if the proposed methods are taken into account even during standardization. By extending the proposed D2D protocol into Internet of Everything (IoE), we will be able to send emergency messages not only to humans but also to trains, cars, etc. to prevent major accidents.V. ReferencesH. Zhang, C. Jiang, R. Q. Hu, Y. Qian, Self-organization in disaster-resilient heterogeneous small cell networks, IEEE Network, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 116-121, 2016.K. 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